[Summary] The MIT Technology Review released a new 2017 list. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, automatic driving, and facial recognition have been on the list.
Text / Zhongguancun Online
The MIT Science and Technology Review has published an authoritative list for more than 16 years. All the technologies on the list are those that will have a major impact on the future economic and political life.
Attached: MIT Technology Review 2017 Top 10 Breakthrough Technologies
First, reversal
Technical breakthrough: Wireless brain electronic components that can bypass the damage of the nervous system to achieve motion, that is, healing.
Reasons for nomination: Helping thousands of people get rid of blemishes every year.
Promoters: Lausanne Institute of Technology, Wyss Center for Biology and Neuroengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Case Western Reserve University
Mature period: 10-15 years
French neuroscientists have experimented with baboon monkeys to find ways to implant wireless brain electronic components to cure caries. After being implanted on a quadriplegic middle-aged man volunteer, the man's arm can move slowly with the aid of a device. Research hopes to restore various senses and abilities through the use of implanted electronics. In addition to treating paralysis, scientists hope to use so-called neuroprosthetics to reverse blindness and hoarseness.
Second, automatic driving
Technical breakthrough: long-distance trucks can be driven automatically on the highway.
Reasons for nomination: Can help truck drivers complete their transportation tasks more efficiently, but it can also result in unemployed truck drivers.
Promoters: Otto, Volvo, Daimler, Peterbilt
Mature period: 5-10 years
Several companies are now testing self-driving trucks. Although many technical problems remain unsolved, proponents claim that self-driving trucks will be safer and less costly. Autopilot trucks can be closely packed on the highway, reducing wind resistance and saving fuel. However, the technical obstacles faced by self-driving trucks are higher than ordinary cars.
Third, facial payment
Technological breakthrough: The accuracy of face recognition technology can finally be widely used in financial transactions and other everyday applications.
Nomination Reason: This technology provides a safe and convenient payment method, but it may cause privacy problems.
Promoters: Face++, Baidu, Alibaba
Mature period: already mature
illustrate
In the past few years, computers have been very good at recognizing faces, and facial recognition technology has rapidly expanded in China, shifting from initial security precautions to everyday banking, store and transportation service interactions. In China, more than 120 million people use face recognition as Alipay payment verification. Baidu's facial recognition accuracy rate exceeds 99%. Baidu provides multiple spots in Wuzhen without the technical support of face-to-face scanning.
Fourth, quantum computing
Technological breakthrough: A practical quantum computer that can produce stable qubits.
Reason for Nomination: When running artificial intelligence programs and dealing with complex simulation problems, quantum computers can run exponentially and even create unbreakable encryption.
Promoters: QuTech, Intel, Microsoft, Google, IBM
Mature period: 4-5 years
Each year, quantum computing will become a breakthrough technology candidate, but every year we have the same conclusion: not yet. For many years, qubits and quantum computers have existed mainly on paper, or their feasibility was determined in fragile experiments. However, some of the previous theoretical design this year is actually in practice, and there are also other companies from Google, IBM, Intel and Microsoft that have invested in fund research.
Fifth, 360° panoramic camera
Technological breakthrough: 360° consumer-grade panoramic cameras can provide real events or scene experiences.
Reason for nomination: Photos and videos from this perspective can change news reports and daily photography.
Promoters: Ricoh, Samsung, 360fly, JK Imaging, IC Real Tech, Humaneyes Technologies
Mature period: already mature
Today, anyone can spend less than $500 to buy a 360-degree panoramic camera, record video in minutes, and upload it to Facebook or YouTube. The 360-degree panorama format is very attractive and can be the new standard for raw material for news events. There are also effective applications in some professional fields such as surgery.
Sixth, solar thermal photovoltaic cells
Technological breakthroughs: In theory, the efficiency of conventional solar cells can be doubled.
Reasons for nomination: It may give birth to cheap solar power technology that can still work after sunset.
Promoters:
-David Bierman, Marin Soljacic, and Evelyn Wang, MIT-Vladimir Shalaev, Purdue University
Mature period: 10-15 years
A team of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology established a different type of solar energy device that uses creative engineering and materials science to capture the sun's energy. First turn the sun into heat, then convert it back to light. The MIT device is the first device to absorb more energy than its photovoltaic cell, which can significantly improve efficiency.
Seven, gene therapy 2.0
Technical breakthroughs: The first gene therapy in development and approval process.
Reasons for nomination: It is expected to completely cure the thousands of diseases caused by a single gene mutation.
Promoters: Spark Therapeutics, BioMarin, BlueBird Bio, GenSight Biologics, UniQure
Mature period: already mature
After an 18-year-old liver disease patient died of a gene therapy experiment in 1999, the progress of gene therapy progress was slowed. But now, the key puzzles have been solved and gene therapy is treating devastating genetic diseases. Early gene therapy partially failed because of the delivery mechanism, and researchers overcame these problems by using more effective viruses that transport new genetic material into cells.
Eight, cell map
Technical breakthroughs: Delineate a full inventory of every cell type in the human body.
Nomination Reason: To provide an ultra-accurate human physiology model for accelerating the development and testing of new drugs.
Promoters: Broad Institute, Sanger Institute, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
Mature period: 5 years
In order to perform the task of cataloging 37.2 trillion human cells, an international team of scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Israel, the Netherlands, and Japan participated in the work, marking each molecule. In September of this year, Zuckerberg and his wife will be the first project to donate cytographics as a $3 billion medical research donation.
9. Botnets
Technical breakthroughs: Malware that can control webcams, cameras, and other devices, resulting in widespread network outages.
Reason for nomination: Botnets based on this software are disrupting the Internet on a larger scale, and it is increasingly difficult to stop.
Facilitator: The creator of the Mirai botnet software, anyone who runs low-security devices online (including you)?
Mature period: already mature
Botnets have been around for at least a decade, but now the problem is getting worse. Because of the large number of inexpensive, security-poor webcams, cameras, and other "Internet of Things" gadgets, hackers can take over them without difficulty, making it easier to build large botnets. The best defense is to run only security software, but now the design of IoT devices does not consider security, and there is often no way to patch.
Ten, enhance learning
Technical breakthroughs: artificial intelligence methods that enable computers to learn as individuals without explicit guidance
Reasons for nomination: It can greatly accelerate the progress of automation areas such as self-driving cars.
Promoters: DeepMind, Mobileye, OpenAI, Google, Uber
Mature period: 1-2 years
After AlphaGo defeated Go champion Li Shishi, reinforcement learning may soon inject more competitive games. Enhanced learning is being applied in more and more areas, especially automatic driving, because it can "good decisions." Researchers are still investigating how to enhance learning in complex situations with multiple goals.
Lead Acid vs. Lithium: Safety
Safety is always a primary consideration when designing a solar system, but it becomes even more important when your system is on a boat far from shore, or an RV on a remote road. Different battery chemistries have different risk factors. Obviously, abusing any type of battery can create a dangerous situation. But with normal, and perhaps even a bit of rough treatment, the different batteries have different safety concerns that need to be addressed.
- Flooded lead acid batteries have an acid and water electrolyte in the battery that has to be checked on a regular basis. During normal charging cycles, this mixture turns into a gas that needs to be vented outside. A buildup of the gas inside a vehicle or vessel can be explosive. Proper ventilation mitigates this concern. The outgassing of the battery is normal, but requires owners to regularly check to see when the electrolyte level gets low from the outgassing. If low, it needs to have more distilled water added. This runs the risk of acid spills if overfilled or overcharged. This requires you to be prepared with proper safety equipment including gloves, safety glasses, and baking soda to neutralize the acid if needed.
- Sealed lead acid batteries do not have outgassing or electrolyte levels to check, as they do not outgas. Normal battery safety measures should be followed, like checking for tight cable connections, corrosion, and preventing physical damage to the battery itself.
- Lithium batteries also do not outgas, but certain types (the ones with cobalt, known as lithium cobalt oxide or LCO) can experience thermal runaway – a condition where the battery starts to get hot, which causes it to react to the heat and get hotter and hotter until it catches on fire. LCO batteries are most commonly used in cell phones, hoverboards, and electric cars, and are generally not recommended for mobile applications.
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