(Original headline: Liu Qingfeng, President of HKUST News: “The high AI replacement rate is actually not favored by humansâ€)
Our reporter Wang Fan reports from Guangzhou
In 2017, artificial intelligence set off an unprecedented wave of attention.
This is also the year that artificial intelligence has risen as a national strategy. In July, the State Council issued a "new-generation notification plan for artificial intelligence development." In December, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Three-year Action Plan for the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)".
For HKUST News, which has a share of more than 70% of the Chinese voice market, this is also a breakthrough year. In August, the global record of lung nodule testing was refreshed, and the accuracy rate of readings was 94.1%; 11 In July, its heavyweight product, the Artificial Intelligence Robotic Intelligence Assistant, became the world’s first robot to pass the National Qualification Examination.
In November, the Ministry of Science and Technology announced the first batch of four national artificial intelligence open innovation platforms, which rely on the intelligent voice platform built by the Science and Technology Information Technology of Beijing University of Science and Technology; in December, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued a notice of approval and relying on the University of Science and Technology of America to build a national key experiment of cognitive intelligence. room.
During the 2017 Fortune Global Forum in Guangzhou in early December, the 21st Century Business Herald and other media interviewed President Liu Qingfeng of HKUST News.
Liu Qingfeng told reporters in the 21st Century Business Herald that artificial intelligence will bring about two changes to human life. First, the way of human-computer interaction will change. Second, the machine will enable many excellent human capabilities to be replicated and humans will be able to do simple labor. China liberated to engage in more valuable work.
According to Liu Qingfeng, in the next 3-5 years, the industry structure of artificial intelligence will be determined, and more open companies that are cultivating in vertical fields will be more likely to win the initiative.
"Let humans stand on the shoulders of artificial intelligence"
"21st Century": Many people are concerned about the impact of artificial intelligence on ordinary people, especially the possibility of artificial intelligence to replace human work. What do you think about this trend?
Liu Qingfeng: There are a lot of third-party analysis recently, and we also recognize it. Take 365 social industries, for example, and analyze where artificial intelligence may replace people. The highest replacement rate is that of customer service personnel, stenographers, and bank tellers. In fact, humans do not like these posts.
In addition, even if there is a need for knowledge accumulation, learning and memory skills, and clear logical work, it may be gradually replaced. For example, Goldman Sachs counter traders reduced from 600 to 2 people, which is indeed a big trend.
The final conclusion is that there are three types of jobs that are difficult to replace. The first category is the need for communication and communication. The so-called humanistic art is difficult to achieve in the short term. The second category is the need for empathy and affection, such as the profession of a teacher; the third category is the need for Reasoning power, creativity and inspiration. So everyone needs to understand the development of artificial intelligence and integrate themselves into the trend of human-computer coupling as much as possible.
It should be noted that even if artificial intelligence does not emerge, the labor structure will continue to change as society progresses, just as the coachman disappears. With the continuous improvement of the education level of citizens, the ability to grasp the Internet has become stronger and stronger, and the replacement of many traditional posts is in line with the law of social development.
However, because of the emergence of AI, the entire society’s production capacity has been unprecedentedly improved, and the protection of basic survival data is not a problem. Those who do not replace the work will not suffer from hunger and starvation. The cost of seeing a doctor is greatly reduced. It can send the best hospital doctors and the best teachers to every family. Of course, when a large number of jobs are replaced and new posts have not yet been created, the social security system for the general public must keep up.
In addition, AI will make pan-entertainment ubiquitous and satisfy people's emotional and individual needs, so I think that artificial intelligence is to make society better.
"21st Century": You said that artificial intelligence should be from empowering industries to empowering individuals. How do you understand? Does everyone need to become a "technical expert"? Will this produce further "information gap"?
Liu Qingfeng: In May of this year, HKUST’s Alpha Egg AI robots and genius cadets in Guangzhou were selected for the PK science knowledge. These geniuses were selected from the Guangzhou Science Popularity Competition, 3 of them were junior high school students and senior high school students. 90 points beat 70 points against the Genius Junior League.
After the end, we told everyone that we shouldn’t panic. It’s just not as if people’s knowledge of machine PK is so meaningful. It’s like people don’t have much to say about Go. It’s just that people are robots, teachers and parents are never Things imagined reflect the creative characteristics of people.
Our hope is that AI will turn from empowering to empowering individuals and let AI be as accessible as water and electricity. Give you an artificial intelligence assistant today, it can help you solve 5% of the work, reach 20% after half a year, reach 50% after 3 years, reach 80% after 5 years, you only need to do decision, creativity and inspiration In terms of work, it can be said that humans are standing on the shoulders of artificial intelligence.
So not everybody needs to become a technologist. Just like a mobile phone now, you may have an AI assistant in the future. You just have to operate it. And its form is not necessarily hardware, it may be ubiquitous.
With the help of artificial intelligence, it is possible that the 8-hour working day becomes 4 hours, and the 5-day working week becomes 2 days. Let human beings have more time to imagine the future and develop ideas. This is the goal of HKUST’s news.
"In three to five years, the industry structure of artificial intelligence will be established."
"21st Century": In addition to the national level, many cities have also proposed the development plan for artificial intelligence. What are your views and suggestions on the development of artificial intelligence based on cities?
Liu Qingfeng: Whether it is a city or an enterprise, SWOT analysis (trend analysis) is needed, especially in combination with its own resource endowments.
I think there are currently two types of success in this area. The first one is based on original technology innovations. Of course, after this, various applications and entrepreneurial ecosystems can be generated around it.
Second, artificial intelligence changes the world from a specific industry. For example, the judiciary is now using artificial intelligence to assist in criminal case judgments. It can well prevent false positives and wrong cases, and improve the efficiency and prosecution of front-line judges. Official judgment ability. If a particular subdivision area has a city that has made a paradigm for all of China and has attracted related companies to gather, it can go global to promote it. So the second kind of logic is centering on specific industries and leading the segmentation field.
This wave of artificial intelligence, I think that in 3 to 5 years, basically the pattern of various industries will be determined, who is more determined, who is more open to the market, to better develop the artificial intelligence industry and social undertakings, convenient people With the combination of enterprise services, anyone is more likely to have an opportunity.
"21st Century": What advice do you have for artificial intelligence entrepreneurs?
Liu Qingfeng: In this era, young people need to start their own businesses and artificial intelligence can provide greater opportunities. why? In the past, the Windows platform or the mobile phone system was actually very similar, so the giants were few, but in the era of artificial intelligence, everyone may have personalized needs.
For example, a family needs a robot nanny, but each family member has different looks and personality requirements, which will give greater scope to entrepreneurs who have a certain type of specific group. What was previously met was the basic needs of all people. The future is to satisfy everyone's individualized emotional needs and aesthetic interests, so there is a great opportunity in the segmentation field.
However, entrepreneurs must not mention ecology and platforms on the first day. First, like a needle, cut it in, survive, and develop it step by step. We call it "top" and "site" to be combined.
HKUST’s "Platform + Track" Strategy
"21st Century": This year, the University of Science and Technology's intellectual assistant passed the doctor qualification test with a score of 96 points above the qualifying line, but does the test represent practical ability?
Liu Qingfeng: All questions in the National Qualification Examination are multiple-choice questions and five options. The topic tells you a detailed description of the patient's symptoms, so the machine must first be capable of reading comprehension. This ability we took the first place in the international competition. After understanding the symptoms, it also requires rigorous logical reasoning to conclude that the machine has learned the knowledge of medical textbooks, the latest medical papers, and the experience of many experts in the consultation, in order to achieve this level.
The biggest advantage of the machine is precisely that it is not a high score or low energy. It also has no fatigue, mood swings, and consistent performance on many occasions. This is the biggest difference between machines and people.
Of course, in the process of seeing a doctor, there will certainly be omissions in the machine. So now it is a human-machine coupling mode. The machine still needs someone to sign after seeing the disease. This aspect is to prevent omissions. On the other hand, China’s current law still does not allow machines. Give a doctor.
We are doing a very important thing. It will be launched soon in Guangzhou. First-line doctors will see the disease, especially lung cancer, breast cancer, and other diseases. The data will be sent to the backstage and the machine will do the quality inspection. If the machine finds a new problem, the doctor will look again. Even in the top-three hospitals, doctors will have omissions, often because there is not enough time, but the machines are very fast.
I think this is a kind of safe bottom protection. We do the first step of quality inspection. The second step is to do auxiliary treatment. This is probably the logic.
"21st Century": In terms of the open platform, how does the HKUST information fly consider?
Liu Qingfeng: We have opened the core artificial intelligence technology, back office, and cloud computing service platform supported by the bottom to entrepreneurs. They can use the technology of speech synthesis and identification of HKUST to do their own products. For example, start-up companies such as robots, smart homes, education, and social networking have integrated our technologies, and as the technology continues to advance, user-end functions have also been iterated.
After the start-up company develops its users, if it deploys its own servers, it may not know how many users are there. If the number is small, the system will crash in the future; HKUST is now a billion-dollar company that can provide platforms at almost zero cost. This is our help to developers.
The development of the artificial intelligence industry has three major elements: algorithms, data, and industry experts. The three are indispensable. The development of more meaningful products and applications requires the joint efforts of more developers.
"21st Century": Can you outline the overall strategic vision of HKUST's next year?
Liu Qingfeng: In promoting the landing of artificial intelligence applications, we will adhere to the strategic direction of “platform + track†and continue to deepen our efforts in the application of education, medical care, and urban industries.
As mentioned earlier, the "platform" refers to the opening up of artificial intelligence core technology, providing artificial intelligence capabilities for the entire industry, integrating back-end content and services, and building an ecological system that maintains closed loop iterations. As of December of this year, the cumulative number of terminals of the information flight open platform has reached 1.5 billion, the daily average number of interactions reached 4 billion, and the number of entrepreneurial teams has reached 465,000.
“Track†means relying on artificial intelligence core technology plus application data, plus expertise in various fields to build up the advantages of just-in-time and in-between departures for vertical entrances or industries. We believe that currently artificial intelligence has experienced three ups and downs, and it has finally begun to empower the world. (Editing: Tan Yifei)
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