When the motor load is unbalanced or long-term operation, the bearing damage will gradually increase the vibration amplitude. Therefore, the vibration test of the motor can effectively evaluate the working state of the motor. This article introduces the measurement method of the motor vibration.
Motor vibration accelerates the wear of the motor bearings, which greatly shortens the normal service life of the bearings and generates a lot of noise during operation. At the same time, motor vibration will cause the winding insulation to drop. The vibration test of the motor can effectively check the current working state of the motor and evaluate the working performance of the motor.
1. Composition of the vibration measurement system
When measuring the vibration of the motor, it is best to cooperate with the motor test bench. The motor test bench can simulate various working conditions, and the vibration state measured under different working conditions is more comprehensive. The vibration sensor is responsible for collecting the vibration data, and the host computer software loads the data and displays it in the form of a report and a curve.
Figure 1 Block diagram of the seismic measurement system
2, the choice of vibration sensor
The vibration sensor converts the vibration parameters of the measured body into appropriate electrical parameters. The widely used vibration sensor is an acceleration sensor. According to the principle of the vibration sensor, there are the following types: a magnetoelectric sensor, a piezoelectric sensor, a resistive sensor, and a capacitive sensor. According to the transmission mode, it can be divided into; wired, wireless, and wireless sensors have the advantage of being easy to install and avoiding measurement signal degradation.
Figure 2 Vibration sensor
3. Installation of the motor to be tested
In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the motor vibration, no other vibration interference signals are introduced, and the motor should be installed under a very strong tooling. In principle, the motor with a shaft center height of not more than 450 mm can be flexibly installed. When the shaft center height exceeds 450 mm, rigid installation should be adopted.
4, motor vibration test point configuration
The test point of the general motor is 6 points. The specific installation position is shown in the figure below. The total weight of the sensor and its mounting accessories should be less than 1/50 of the gross weight of the motor.
Figure 3 sensor mounting point
The sensor should be in good contact with the motor under test. The test head can be mounted by magnetic base, glued or screwed. The wireless vibration sensor is recommended for construction.
Figure 4 Wireless vibration sensor installation
5, motor vibration limit
In the upper computer software, the vibration condition, the current rotation speed, the shaft center height, the test point position and other information are generally displayed for comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the motor. The motor height of different shaft centers is different for vibration requirements, and the measurement results meet the requirements of national standards. For details, refer to GB 10068-2008 Measurement, Evaluation and Limits of Mechanical Vibration Vibration of Motors with Shaft Center Height of 56 mm and Above.
Figure 5 test results
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