UAVs have entered the public eye, and a variety of remote-controlled aircraft, helicopters, and multi-rotor aircraft have been discovered and used more and more, and drones can also be used and engaged by enemy and terrorists. Responding to the threat of increasing use of drones (especially small drones) by the enemy, the development and deployment of effective anti -UAV systems has become a concern of governments and the military. focus.
Anti-UAV development background
Today, with the rapid development of military science and technology, drones have become an important part of the military as a typical intelligence, early warning and reconnaissance equipment, and drones have gradually changed to combat. Currently, more than 90 countries and NGOs have used drones, including at least 30 countries or NGOs that have deployed or are developing armed drones. Utilizing drone operations has become a new development direction in air strike operations and will have a major impact on future military operations. The US Army has listed the drone threat as one of the most destructive air threats in the "Five Threat Platforms", expanding its combat functions to stealth penetration, communication relay, and air combat. Although the US Air Force's radar coverage can reach 9144 meters (about 30,000 feet), small drones can fly below the radar monitoring range, making it difficult for small drones to be detected.
There are several important events worth pointing out. In October 2014, there were drones hovering over the French nuclear power plant; on April 22 , 2015, a small drone carrying a radiation-containing liquid "did not know" The roof of the Japanese Prime Minister’s official residence caused panic in Tokyo’s Minato-machi, the political center of Japan. In September 2015, a drone crashed in front of German Chancellor Angola Merkel, disrupting the German campaign rally; in early 2015 , one The remote drone crashed on the lawn of the White House in the United States ... The crash and harassment of small drones emerged in an endless stream, which brought panic to the state and security departments. It is imperative to deal with the threat of drones (especially small drones).
Anti-UAV key technology
With the increasing demand for anti-UAV awareness and anti-UAV combat missions in the future battlefield, anti- UAV technology will be driven by the dual effects of the traction of operational requirements and the development of anti-UAV technology. The system already has a certain theoretical and technical basis.
In the implementation of anti-UAV operations, the first thing to do is to detect and track the UAV, and then according to the actual situation of the battlefield, choose the hard killing of the UAV or the soft killing of the interference. In addition, it is necessary to adopt proactive camouflage protection methods and means to reduce the reconnaissance efficiency and effectiveness of the other drone. In view of this, the anti-UAV technology system mainly consists of four parts: detection tracking and early warning technology, damage technology, interference technology, and camouflage deception technology.
Detection tracking and early warning technology : mainly includes ground visual reconnaissance technology, radar detection and tracking technology, airborne early warning technology and satellite reconnaissance technology. Land-based aerial reconnaissance equipment consisting of ground - based visual reconnaissance equipment, radar, airborne early warning aircraft and satellites using these technologies to detect and track UAVs and provide important information for subsequent anti-UAV operations support.
Damage technology: mainly includes anti-UAV missile technology, laser weapon technology, microwave weapon technology, fighting drone technology and conventional fire damage technology. The anti-UAV weapon equipment using these technologies constitutes a ground - air firepower strike network. Based on the intelligence information provided by the reconnaissance intelligence system, appropriate measures are taken to implement real-time firepower destruction of the drone using reasonable tactical tactics.
Interference technology: mainly includes optoelectronic countermeasure technology, control information interference technology and data link interference technology. The anti-UAV weapon equipment using these technologies effectively interferes with the drone, and disables the automatic driving and control system, communication system, power system, etc. of the drone, thereby reducing or even losing its main functions.
Camouflage deception technology: mainly including optical, thermal infrared, acoustic and electronic camouflage deception technology, in the anti-UAV combat process, by properly disguising their own targets, reducing the reconnaissance and monitoring efficiency and effectiveness of the other UAV, thereby reducing The operational effectiveness of the drone.
These four major technologies, both active anti-UAV technology and passive camouflage protection, combined with active and passive anti-UAV technology, maximize the overall combat effectiveness of the anti-UAV. optimization.
Typical anti-UAV system
Non-kinetic energy anti- UAV system
The non-kinetic energy anti-UAV system mainly uses the effects of photoelectric detection, tracking and identification, and radio frequency interference to cope with the drone, and destroys the communication capability by destroying the communication link between the drone and the controller. A more urban environment can avoid collateral damage (but can't deal with drones using inertial navigation).
"Icarus" system
Lockheed Martin started developing the Icarus project around 2014 . The system is capable of detecting, identifying and destroying small drones weighing no more than 9.7 kg (about 20 lbs).
The Icarus system is a ground-based system that can be installed around a ring or fixed to a vehicle. The system has been tested on a drone developed by Lockheed Martin, but in this test, the performance of the acoustic sensor has been reduced.
The "Icarus" system also has inevitable drawbacks. Because the drone itself always emits a lot of noise, it will suffer some interference in the sound measurement.
UAV Defender system
The drone Defender radio gun produced by Battelle is a lightweight, portable and easy-to-operate non-powered anti-UAV system. It is the first set. A portable drone that can be used accurately and quickly against weapons.
The UAV Defender system can safely stop suspicious or hostile drones flying in the air, responding to the challenges of the surge in the commercial drone market faced by government agencies, and providing domestic and foreign customers with Important security protection.
The UAV Defender system uses radio-controlled frequency interference technology to safely stop airborne drones before they pose a threat to military or civil security. The system works by interfering with the control chain between the operator and the drone beyond the distance. In other words, let the drone "think" that it has left the operator's control. Therefore, the drone enters a standard security protocol mode. These security protocol modes enable the drone to hover, land, or return to the drone operator's location in the zone. Importantly, this does not cause any permanent damage to the drone system.
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