At 19:41 on April 20, the Long March 7 remote launch vehicle carrying the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft was fired at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in China. After about 596 seconds, the spacecraft and the rocket were successfully separated and entered the planned orbit. Achieved a complete success. This is the first flight test of the space station cargo transportation system consisting of the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft and the Long March 7 carrier rocket.
China’s first cargo ship, Tianzhou No.1, launched the first combination of the boat and the Long March 7. The Long March 7 first challenged the “zero window†launch.
The task of Tianzhou No. 1 will be carried out in conjunction with the Tiangong No. 2 Space Laboratory, and the implementation of space science experiments and technical verification. It is also one of the “emphasis†of this task. .
Cosmic Express Courier" Departure, Tiangong No. 2, please pay attention to the receipt! On April 20th, at 19:41:35, the Long March 7th carrier rocket carrying the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft was launched at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in China. After the ignition was fired, about 596 seconds later, the spacecraft and the rocket were successfully separated and entered the predetermined orbit. The launch was a complete success.
This is the first step of the "Cosmic Express Coach" on this space trip. The goal is Tiangong No. 2, the main task - to deliver supplies.
After the "Tianzhou No. 1", the mission is not light. It will carry out its mission in space for nearly half a year, and will carry out three rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-2 and three in-orbit additions, all of which are to further verify the technical requirements of the China Space Station.
To the astronauts to eat, use, and send propellant to the spacecraft - the mission of the Tianzhou cargo ship is to accomplish these two things.
In the future, China will build a space station with long-term care, which will require astronauts to transport the required propellants for life, work, and space station orbit control.
The Tianzhou series cargo spacecraft is a newly developed spacecraft product for the construction and operation of the transportation and resupply of space stations in China.
Will verify the autonomous fast rendezvous and docking technology
Because Tianzhou No. 1 "only delivers goods, does not send people", it is called "Courier Brother" by some media. Compared with those courier brothers who put the box in the foreground and the customer also got a glimpse of it, Tianzhou No. 1 realized “delivery to the door†through “reciprocal rendezvous†and the service was quite “in placeâ€.
Of the three rendezvous and dockings, it is particularly interesting that Tianzhou No. 1 will conduct an autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking test, which will control the rendezvous and docking time within a few hours.
The realization of rapid rendezvous and docking is beneficial to improve the reliability of the aircraft in orbit flight and reduce the resource consumption caused by the track control and the like in the rendezvous and docking process. At the same time, "fast" can also guarantee the aircraft to a greater extent, and facilitate the emergency handling of future space station emergencies.
Tianzhou No. 1 will carry out "space refueling" on Tiangong 2
Propellant for spacecraft is also known as "space refueling." The length of life of a spacecraft is closely related to the propellant. In many cases, the spacecraft ends its mission because the propellant is exhausted, not the equipment itself. Loss.
In this mission, Tianzhou No. 1 and Tiangong No. 2 will implement the first propellant addition in China, and plan to carry out several propellant supplement experiments, break through and master the propellant supplement technology, and assemble and construct the space station in China. Long-term operation solves the problem of energy supply.
Can be loaded! Tianzhou No. 1 has strong cargo carrying capacity
"It is the last word to be able to install." "Little Brother" is 10.6 meters tall and has a body width of 3.35 meters. The volume is equivalent to that of Tiangong No.1 and Tiangong No.2, but the capacity is large, the cargo capacity is about 6 tons, and the propellant supplementing capacity is about 2 tons. The cargo ratio (the ratio of the weight of the cargo to the total weight of the entire spacecraft) is 0.48, which is superior to the active cargo spacecraft in Europe, Japan and other countries.
â–³ After the vertical transfer, the launching platform of the launching tower is slowly closed. The tower will open again before the rocket is launched.
First challenge "zero window" launch
The launch of the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft was the first "actual battle" after the first experimental flight of the Long March 7 carrier rocket in June 2016.
Because the launch of the Tianzhou-1 spacecraft and the Tiangong-2 space laboratory to achieve rendezvous and docking, the transmission accuracy is very high, therefore, the launch window is not a time range, but a certain point in time. This is what the astronauts call "zero window."
The launch vehicle is an extremely complex structure with hundreds of thousands of parts inside. Even for any mature rocket, there may be a variety of problems before launch. The "zero window" launch is a more rigorous test of the fire reliability arrow. If there is a problem, the launch window will be missed.
To this end, the scientific research personnel carried out re-combination of the failure plan, analyzed the reliability guarantee measures for the key links before the shooting, and formulated relevant plans to ensure that there were pre-planning failures before the shooting, which could ensure the smooth execution of the process.
As the new generation of medium-sized launch vehicles in China, the Long March 7 rocket has increased its low-Earth carrying capacity from 8.6 tons to 14 tons. Through analysis, the current Long March 7 second rocket has a capacity of about 1 ton of carrying capacity to ensure that the launch mission requirements are met.
After the launch of the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft, it will enter a running track with a height of about 380 kilometers. It will then be automatically rendezvous and docked with the Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory operating in orbit.
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