Promote LED lighting to build a low-carbon society

China is in the period of rapid industrialization and urbanization. The coal-based energy structure has made China's CO2 emissions rank among the top in the world, but per capita emissions are still much lower than in developed countries. Therefore, China can bear common but differentiated emission reduction responsibilities. The developed countries should come down from the current level. The energy that we consume for each additional unit of GDP will come down every year. Second, it cannot be assumed that LED lighting, electric vehicles, wind energy, and hydrogen energy will all be used today. Energy conservation and emission reduction in traditional industries and the development of circular economy are the first steps for China toward a low-carbon economy. While using traditional lighting, the development of LED and OLED technology is one of the breakthrough points towards a low-carbon economy.

Energy consumption has a terminal amplification effect. Despite the same building, the same lighting, but different consumer behavior has a decisive influence on energy consumption.

Energy consumption has a terminal amplification effect. Take a thermal power plant as an example: After coal has been transformed, collected, transported, and transformed into power generation, then transmitted to power transmission and distribution to end users, it can only use 1/4 to 1/5 of the original thermal energy of coal. Equivalent to saving energy 4 to 5 degrees. The same is true of cars. In fact, the efficiency of the car is very low. Only 20% of the gasoline is used to fuel the car. The other 70% to 80% are lost, including the friction loss in the internal combustion engine and the temperature of the exhaust gas. Decomposing the proportion of energy utilization, studying fuel-saving technologies, improving the operating efficiency of gasoline engines, and achieving vehicle weight reduction can all reduce energy consumption.

The automotive industry is moving toward low carbon. Take the European Union as an example. The EU now allows 160 grams of carbon emissions for 1 kilometer. Their goal is to reduce to 130 grams in 2016 and 95 grams in 2020. The United States is now 216 grams. By 2016, it is planned to reduce it to 157 grams, which is roughly equivalent to the 2006 level in Europe. Japan is now 168 grams and it is reduced to 141 grams by 2015. China is now 187 grams, and we promise to reduce it to 132 grams by 2016.

The important aspect of China's terminal energy-saving is building energy-saving, building energy-saving is imminent. Tsinghua University, designed in 1905, consumes 34 kWh of electricity per square meter. By 1994, the energy consumption of a single-ministerial building in Beijing was 113 kWh. The energy consumption is greatly increased because of the large amount of glass used. The main administration building of the University of Pennsylvania was just completed the year before. The annual energy consumption per square meter is 356 kWh. Therefore, there are many unreasonable places in the architectural design, many energy and technology are used in inappropriate places, and the new type of architectural design has increased the energy consumption of the old building by 10 times.

An important way for building energy conservation is to adopt semiconductor LED lighting. Incandescent bulbs are very energy-intensive. If LED lighting accounts for 1/3 of the lighting market, the electricity saved each year is equivalent to the power of two Three Gorges hydropower stations. Europe has stopped the sale of incandescent light bulbs from September 1, 2009, and LED lights can only be sold in the market. What should China do? Because the price of LED is ten times that of ordinary light bulbs. Our first entry point should be a street light because the street light itself is financially spent, and street lights take 8 to 10 hours in summer and 12 hours in winter. This is the most power-consuming. The energy saving effect of the LED is 60% less than that of the ordinary light bulb and 35% more than that of the ordinary fluorescent lamp. It is more expensive now, but according to the law of Hertz, the cost will decrease by 1/10 every 10 years. After 8 to 10 years, the price is similar to the current incandescent light bulb.

Despite the same building, the same lighting, but different consumer behavior has a decisive influence on energy consumption. In a middle-income residential building in Beijing, a teacher and some researchers lived in a residential building in Zhongguancun. The behavior difference of 25 households was 13 times worse, which means that in the summer, the air-conditioning was turned to 26 degrees or 22 degrees and 23 degrees. Room temperature is adjusted to 25, 26 degrees or 18, 20 degrees, the result is not the same. Therefore, low-carbon life is to take into account environmental energy conservation.

China is in the period of rapid industrialization and urbanization. The coal-based energy structure has made China's CO2 emissions rank among the top in the world, but per capita emissions are still much lower than in developed countries. Therefore, China can bear common but differentiated emission reduction responsibilities. The developed countries should come down from the current level. The energy that we consume for each additional unit of GDP will come down every year. Second, it cannot be assumed that electric cars, wind power and hydrogen energy will all be used today. Energy-saving and emission reduction in traditional industries and the development of circular economy are the first steps towards a low-carbon economy in China. While using traditional power generation and traditional automobiles, the development of advanced manufacturing technologies and the adoption of the Internet of Things are the breakthrough points toward a low-carbon economy. Third, adjusting the energy structure and developing nuclear energy and renewable energy are the energy foundation for building a low-carbon society. Fourth, advocating a society-wide low-carbon and energy-saving lifestyle is the fundamental guarantee for building a low-carbon society.

Note: This article is the tenth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Academician Xu Kuangdi has recently done a "change in low-carbon economy and development mode" at the report meeting of the Central Party Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Committee and the County Party Committee. Part of the speech

Xu Kuangdi: Chinese steel smelting expert, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering. Zhejiang Tongxiang Chongde people. He graduated from the Department of Metallurgy, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, and joined the Communist Party of China in June 1983. He is the alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the 15th and 16th Central Committee members. He served as Vice Chairman of the Tenth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Dean of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Mayor of Shanghai. He is currently the president of the China Federation of Economy and Industry, a professor and doctoral supervisor at Shanghai University.