With the continuous introduction of a series of film preferential policies from the state and the industry, the film industry has played a role in building a socialist harmonious culture and promoting the coordinated development of social construction, economic construction and cultural construction, driven by the rapid development of digital cinema technology. The more important role, the rare development opportunities, the rapid development, the continuous growth of the market, the historical transformation of digital advancement, ushered in a new period of golden development opportunities. In recent years, the number of domestically produced films has increased year by year, the quality of films has continued to increase, the number of new cinemas and screens has increased significantly, and the film industry has entered a period of rapid development. In order to give full play to the role of industry quality supervision and guide the development of the industry, the standardization, quality identification and testing and evaluation of the film have also been further promoted. In 2007, based on the industry technical specification "Movie Star Rating Requirements" (Trial), the country was promulgated and implemented. Standard GB/T21048-2007 "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings" [1].
The "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings" refers to international and domestic related technical standards, and imposes strict requirements on star theaters in terms of equipment facilities, visual/audio technical conditions, and service quality requirements, including 48 fine Sub-clause, screen brightness, projector picture clarity, stability, stereo sound system, screen size, seat row spacing, studio reverberation time, noise rating to parking lot, cinema sign, computer ticketing, promotional window, ventilation Detailed provisions have been made on aspects such as heating and cooling facilities.
The purpose of the "Department and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings" is to guide the development of the industry, give full play to the supervision role of the industry's technical departments, provide high-quality screening effects for the majority of movie viewers, and also provide a high-quality viewing environment. Since the publication of the "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings", the cinema star rating work has been officially launched and has been effectively carried out, and has achieved good results. As of 2010, the number of star theaters nationwide has reached 67, including 54 five-star cinemas, two four-star cinemas, three three-star cinemas, and two second-star cinemas. Under the guidance and guidance of the assessment, many high-end theaters are under construction. In the specific implementation process of "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings", we also found some shortcomings and problems in the operation of cinemas. Since 2005, the author has been involved in the evaluation and testing of star theaters. Through years of star theater testing, I have studied the problems existing in the current stage of cinema operation and put forward suggestions for improvement.
Second, equipment and facilities
The chapter on facilities and equipment in the "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings" on cinema signs, lobby area, computer ticketing system, display facilities, video publicity facilities, screen racks, toilets, pre-improvement facilities, ventilation and heating and cooling facilities Etc. In the actual testing process, many theaters were found to have no striking Chinese and English contrasts and logos. Most of the theaters did not adopt the national standard GB/T10001.1-2006 "Public Information Graphic Symbols" for personalization considerations [2] The provisions on the logo.
Suggestions for improvement: The provisions of the national standard GB/T10001.1-2006 "Public information graphic symbols for signs" are used.
Third, visual and listening technical conditions
1, row spacing
In the evaluation and evaluation of star theaters in recent years, it is found that the test results of the second row to the penultimate row of most cinemas can meet the requirements of "moving and rating of cinema stars", but the last row of tests The results did not meet the standard requirements.
Suggestions for improvement: Each step is strictly constructed or modified in accordance with the requirements of “Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratingsâ€.
2, the width of the adjacent two rows of seats
This requirement is a new parameter detection project after the trial standard has been upgraded to the national standard. At present, the seats used in cinemas have greatly improved from the perspective of aesthetics and comfort. In recent years, the seat backs of many new theaters can be tilted backwards, so that the audience can almost lie down. the film. The minimum net width between adjacent rows should not be less than 0. 35m, in the case of a five-star cinema, the shortest row spacing of the audience seats should not be less than 1. 05m. The longest row spacing should not be less than 1.10m, and the minimum clear width between adjacent rows should not be less than 0. 40m. The actual test results show that many theaters can meet the requirements of the row spacing. Some theaters have better row spacing than the standard requirements, but the net width of the two rows is still insufficient. The reason is that some theater seats are tilted backwards. The angle is great. If the audience is late after the screening and the audience's seat is in the middle of the row, then the other viewers in the row who are watching the movie will have to get up and let the channel open, which will make the audience who are enjoying the wonderful movie complain.
Suggestions for improvement: Under the premise of not increasing the width of the row and maintaining the comfort of the audience, try to use a seat with a small back tilt angle.
3, digital projector brightness, edge brightness, sequential contrast, intra-frame contrast
The technical requirements for digital projectors are not covered in the "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings". With the development of digital cinema, the number of all-digital cinemas is now larger than that of film theaters. However, in the actual test, some cinemas were originally designed according to the traditional film dual-machine projection configuration, and the screen center was used as the normal. Two symmetrical projector windows, and a single digital projector is used in the actual installation. The digital projector may be installed at the center of the screen to the left or to the center of the screen. From an optical point of view, if the projector is installed in the center of the screen. To the left, the light intensity of the left screen is higher than that of the right screen, and vice versa.
After installing digital projectors in all theaters, we will consider the benefits of the cinema and the cost of digital projector consumables to the theater. How can we optimize the benefits? Many theaters try to install 3D devices to show 3D movies to enhance the number of people watching. In order to increase the brightness of 3D movies, only high-gain screens can be replaced, but it is necessary to consider that the screen characteristics of high-gain screens determine that the scattering angle is small. Home Theater Network welcomes you!
In view of the above-mentioned reasons that the projector is installed at a position offset from the center of the screen, and a high-gain screen with a small scattering angle is used, the indicators such as brightness, edge brightness, sequential contrast, and intra-frame contrast of the projector during projection are found. It is lower than the requirements of DCI [3] specification and SMPTE 431-1-2006 "D-Cinema Quality Screen Luminance, Chromaticity and Uniformity" [4].
Suggestions for improvement: The projector should be installed in a position perpendicular to the screen; a low-gain screen with a large scattering angle should be used.
4, the sound system
The advancement of the digitalization of the film has reduced the workload of the projectionist at the theater operation level, and the theater has also saved the cost of the show. When filming movies were previously shown, in general, a projectionist can only manage 2 to 3 movie theaters. The projectionist can see whether the screen screening before the screening of the film is wrong, whether there is sound output, etc. Now, after the digital screening, many theater projectionists have not watched the movie before and during the screening, whether there is frame skipping or flickering. Is there any sound output from each speaker?
Figure 1 Left channel spectrum example
Figure 1 shows the left channel spectrum data collected by a photographer in a theater during the 2010 star theater test. It can be seen that there is no bass output on the left. After being checked by the projector's projectionist, the woofer was found to be damaged. Every time I perform a star theater test, I will encounter a phenomenon that there is no sound in the speaker or a unit of the speaker has no output. This puts new demands on the quality and responsibility of the projectionist.
Suggestions for improvement: The theater should strengthen the business training for the projectionists, improve the professional quality of the projectionists, enhance the sense of responsibility, and regularly carry out maintenance and overhaul of the projection equipment and sound reproduction system.
5, reverberation time
Reverberation time refers to the time required for the residual sound to be absorbed by the sound absorbing material in the shadow hall after the sound field of the cinema reaches steady state, and the sound level is reduced by 60 dB. The reverberation time is expressed by T60. An important evaluation index for quantitative estimation of sound energy in acoustic design, the reverberation time is too short, the sound becomes dull, dull and boring, and the reverberation time is too long, which makes the sound confusing; whether the reverberation time is appropriate is not only directly related to the movie sound. The clarity of the film is also directly related to whether the sound faithfully reflects the scene reproduction when the film sound is recorded. Home Theater Network welcomes you!
The following is an example of a small theater that I recently tested in a theater. The volume of the cinema is 302.74m3, according to the upper limit formula of 500Hz RT60≤0.Or653V0'287353 (S). The upper limit value should be 0. 3951S, according to the lower limit formula of 500Hz Hz RT60 ≥ 0.3281V0 '333333 (S), it can be concluded that the lower limit should be 0. 2203S. The measured reverberation time is 0.535 S. In the process of star theater testing in these years, it has been found that the reverberation time is too long and too short, which directly affects the quality of the film.
Suggestions for improvement: The theater should be tested and adjusted repeatedly during construction or renovation until the reverberation time meets the requirements.
6, reverberation time frequency characteristics
Figure 2 is a comparison of the frequency characteristics of standard reverberation time in China and abroad. The reverberation time frequency characteristic specified in "Classification and Evaluation of Cinema Star Ratings" is the requirement of reverberation frequency characteristics in the reference standard GY/T183-2002 [5]. .
Figure 2 Frequency characteristics of reverberation time specified by several standards
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the requirement of the reverberation frequency characteristic of GY/T183-2002 is a smooth decreasing trend from low frequency to high frequency. In the actual test, it was found that the reverberation frequency characteristics of many theaters showed a trend of high frequency rise.
Figure 3 measured reverberation time
Figure 3 is the measured data of the trend of the reverberation time frequency characteristics of a theater. All theaters in the theater are rising from 500Hz, rather than a smooth decreasing trend. Later, after many trials and tests with designers and builders, and the replacement of sound absorbing materials, the problem was solved.
7, the noise floor
With the digital projection equipment, the noise generated by the mechanical movement of the film projector during the conventional film projection will no longer occur, but many theaters do not have good noise reduction treatment for air conditioners, exhaust systems, etc., and have not taken any muffling measures. Although the cinema reduces the mechanical noise of the projector, there are other external noises. Therefore, in the actual inspection, many new cinemas have found that the noise floor does not meet the requirements of the NC30 specified in the standard. Some theaters even exceed the NC35 and NC40 ( See Figure 4).
Figure 4 noise floor
Suggestions for improvement: The partition wall between the auditorium and the projector room should be treated with sound insulation. The equipment room for air-conditioning room should be away from the auditorium. The air-conditioning or ventilation system should adopt noise reduction, noise reduction and vibration isolation measures.
8, sound insulation
Investors in cinemas generally do not invest a higher additional cost to build soundproof walls that meet the requirements. Most adjacent cinemas use light-weight materials to make soundproof walls, which often leads to crosstalk between adjacent two halls. The theater is able to meet the 60dBC requirements for sound insulation as specified in the standard. This is also a prominent problem in the construction and renovation of cinemas and should receive sufficient attention.
Suggestions for improvement: The auditorium should use public spaces such as lounges, foyers, and corridors as noise-reduction measures. Double-door doors should be used at the entrances and exits of the audience halls.
Fourth, the conclusion
This paper summarizes the deficiencies and problems in the operation of cinemas found in star theater testing and evaluation. It is hoped that these issues will be valued by investors, designers and operators. They also hope to establish a film technical service team and corresponding Technical supervision system. The cinema is a combination of technology and art. Only by strictly following the technical standards and norms to construct and arrange, can the artistic form of the film be better presented to the audience in the cinemas that meet the requirements.
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